千江水月的部落格

 《積滯》                                                        
 1.積滯是指小兒因引飲食不當，傷乳過久，積聚不化所形成的一種慢性胃
   腸疾患。                                                      
 2.本病治療時，實證應以消導為主，虛中夾實證則宜和中健脾，消補共施。
                                                                 
 辨證論治                                                        
 1.乳食不化      2.脾虛夾積                                      
                                                                 
                                                                 
 《預防與保健》                                                  
 1.乳食內容宜依專家建議，不宜擅自供應不合宜食品(如過早給嬰兒副食品
   ，定時定量，不宜過飢過飽，食物宜新鮮清潔。                    
                                                                 
 2.隨嬰兒年齡的增長，逐漸供給相應的輔助食物。                    
                                                                 
 §附方§                                                        
 1.消乳丸   2.保和丸   3.健脾丸   4.理中湯                       
                                                                 
 《疳證》                                                        
 1.此證是由於餵養不當，或因久病不癒，使脾胃受損，氣血不榮，致使外
   形乾枯贏瘦，腹部脹大，青筋顯露，煩躁善怒等為特徵的一種慢性疾病。
                                                                 
 2.「疳」的涵意有兩種解釋，一為「疳者，甘也」，認為患兒過食肥甘生
   冷，損傷脾胃運化功能，形成積滯，久滯成疳。                    
   二為「疳者，乾也」，認為疳證主要是氣液乾涸，身體贏瘦，形成乾疳。
                                                                 
 3.本證按病情由輕到重分為：疳氣、疳積、乾疳三種。                
                                                                 
 4.「脾胃失調」是形成疳證的主要原因。                            
                                                                 
                                                                 
 《預防與治療》                                                  
 1.注意飲食衛生，飢飽適宜，防止偏食、挑食，吃零食等不良習慣，適時
   添加副食，注重營養均衡。                                      
                                                                 
 2.「宜時見風日」經常代小兒到戶外活動，接受新鮮空氣與陽光，適當參
   加體育活動，增強體質。                                        
                                                                 
 《頻尿》                                                        
 1.頻尿是指小便次數增多而言，是兒科常見的一種病證。              
                                                                 
 2.臨床以尿頻、尿急為特徵，嬰幼兒發病率較高。                    
                                                                 
 3.病因多由濕熱之邪蘊結下焦，使膀胱氣化功能失常。                
                                                                 
 4.本病分為：濕熱下注、氣虛、陰虛三證。                          
                                                                 
 〈預防與護理〉                                                  
                                                                 
 1.注意局部衛生，防止外陰部感染。                                
                                                                 
 2.注意飲食營養，加強鍛鍊身體。                                  
                                                                 
 3.注意小兒情志的疏導，宜鼓勵，勿責罵。                          
                                                                 
 《遺尿》                                                        
                                                                 
 1.遺尿又稱尿床，是小兒睡中小便自遺，醒後方知的一種疾病。        
                                                                 
 2.發生原因多為：腎氣虛寒、肺脾氣虛不攝、肝經濕熱，疏泄失常所致。
                                                                 
                                                                 
 〈預防與護理〉                                                  
                                                                 
 1.耐心誘導，多鼓勵，少責罵，建立信心。                          
                                                                 
 2.每日晚飯後，注意控制飲水量。                                  
 3.臨睡前提醒患兒起床排尿，逐漸養成自行排尿習慣。                
                                                                 
 4.不宜過度遊玩，以免疲勞睡眠過沉，不自覺而遺尿。