千江水月的部落格

  【產褥期中醫調理】                                                  
  1. 產褥期一般稱為月子期，產褥期的調理及休息又稱為「坐月子」。       
  2. 產褥期是指胎兒娩出後至產婦生殖器官恢復正常的時間稱之，約需6~8週。
                                                                      
  【預防與保健】                                                      
  《禁忌之物》                                                        
  1. 產後禁人蔘；一週內禁麻油、酒。                                   
  2. 以少量多餐的方式進食。                                           
  3. 哺乳者禁食麥芽：因麥芽有回乳作用。                               
  4. 忌食油膩食物：產後胃腸蠕動較弱，易引起消化不良。                 
  5. 勿食辛辣燥熱食物。                                               
  6. 忌食生冷食物：產後孕婦的脾胃功能尚未完全恢復，過於寒涼的食物會   
     損傷脾陽，影響消化。                                             
  7. 忌食堅硬粗糙及酸性食物：堅硬粗糙及酸性食物會損及牙齒，使產婦日   
     後留下牙齒易於酸痛鬆脫的後遺症。                                 
  8. 適當控制食鹽：過鹹的食物有回乳作用。                             
  9. 忌烤、炸、辣、刺激性食物。                                       
  10. 少吃鹽，食物以清淡為主。                                        
  11. 食物一定要煮熟，且溫熱食用。                                    
  12. 傷口若有紅腫疼痛時，禁止吃麻油、酒煮食物。                      
                                                                      
  《起居生活注意事項》                                                
  1. 不碰冷水、禁吹冷風。                                             
  2. 吃好、睡好、少勞動。禁爬樓梯、彎腰、蹲、屈膝、盤坐。             
  3. 注意陰部、肛門清潔。                                             
  4. 洗澡洗頭慎防外感。                                               
                                                                      
  ☆ 食療                                                             
  產後的飲食以營養豐富、易於消化為原則，且保持大便暢通。              
                                                                      
  1. 產後第一週                                                       
     禁食麻油、酒類食物，飲食以清淡易消化為主。                       
                                                                      
  2. 產後第二週                                                       
     (1)花生蹄膀湯  (2)鯽魚湯  (3)鯉魚粥  (4)紅糖薑湯                 
  3. 產後第三週以後                                                   
     (1)當歸生薑羊肉湯  (2)當歸補血湯加味  (3)四物燉河鰻              
                                                                      
  【產後缺乳】                                                        
  1. 產後乳汁甚少或全無稱為「缺乳」，亦稱「乳汁不足」或「乳汁不行」   
     、「無乳」。                                                     
                                                                      
  2. 缺乳多發生在產後第2、3天至半個月內，也可發生在整個哺乳期，但以   
     新產後的缺乳最為常見。                                           
  3. 乳汁缺乏與否是根據乳汁分泌的多寡和是否足夠餵養為標準。           
                                                                      
  〈缺乳有以下特點〉                                                  
  1. 產後開始哺乳時即覺乳房不脹，乳汁稀少，以後稍多但仍不夠。         
  2. 產後哺乳開始時即全無乳汁。                                       
  3. 新產後哺乳正常，因突然高熱或七情所傷後，乳汁驟減。               
                                                                      
  ☆病因                                                              
  中醫認為造成缺乳的原因有：                                          
  1.氣血虛弱      2.肝鬱氣滯                                          
                                                                      
  ☆預防與保健                                                        
  缺乳是產後常見的病之一，其預防除了與乳房本身發育有關外，能否及時    
  正確的治療，合理的調護是治癒的關鍵。                                
                                                                      
  1.飲食調養      2.精神調養      3.正確的哺乳     4.足夠的睡眠和休息 
                                                                      
  5.服藥禁忌                                                          
                                                                      
  ☆ 食療                                                             
                                                                      
  1.加減傅氏通乳湯        2.豬蹄花生湯                                
                                                                      
  【產後惡露不絕】                                                    
  1. 產後惡露持續20天以上仍淋瀝不斷者稱之。又稱血露不盡、惡露不盡或   
     惡露不止。                                                       
  2. 惡露是指產褥期(產後6~8週內)從陰道中排出的餘血濁液的統稱。        
  3. 大多在產後第3~4天，惡露量多色鮮紅，以後量漸少色變淡，10~14天後   
     ，變成黃白色或淡褐色。正常情況下惡露不臭，夾些微腥味。           
                                                                      
  ☆ 病因                                                             
  1.體質因素     2.勞役過度      3.飲食不節      4.外邪侮之           
  5.子宮因素                                                          
                                                                      
  ☆ 保健與預防                                                       
  本病若能及時治療，注意生活調養勞役適度，則惡露可由多漸少。          
  1.腹部按摩     2.飲食宜忌      3.更換臥式      4.講究衛生           
  5.切忌房事                                                          
                                                                      
  【產後大便難】                                                      
  產後大便艱澀，或數日不解，或排便時乾燥疼痛，難於解出者稱之，又稱    
  「產後大便不通」或「大便秘澀」、「大便秘結」。即西醫之『產後便秘』。
                                                                      
  ☆ 病因                                                             
  本病發因有三：                                                      
                                                                      
  1. 因產失血，汗出所致的血虛津虧。                                   
                                                                      
  2. 陰虛火盛。                                                       
                                                                      
  3. 元氣虧虛。                                                       
                                                                      
  ☆ 保健與預防                                                       
  1.飲食均衡              2.勞役適度                                  
                                                                      
  【乳房疾病】                                                        
  由於乳房是分娩後哺育嬰兒的器官，上為乳汁，下為月水，因此一個女      
  子氣血的強旺也關係著女性乳房的發育，尤其還有腦下垂體所造成的不      
  排卵，也是造成不孕常見的因素。                                      
                                                                      
  ☆ 病因                                                             
  1. 乳房牽涉到陽明胃經之氣，胃氣旺則乳房豐隆。                       
  2. 乳頭四周乳暈部份，乳腺本身屬肝經，心情舒暢開朗，肝經血旺，乳腺自 
     會豐盛肥大，乳頭堅挺、健康。                                     
                                                                      
  ☆ 保健                                                             
                                                                      
  乳房能健康、堅挺、豐滿必須從：                                      
  1.運動  2.睡眠  3.心情  4.營養  5.藥物等來調養                      
                                                                      
  ☆ 食療                                                             
  1.對蝦通草絲瓜湯     2.蝦仁歸耆粥     3.淫陽蝦米湯    4.白芷鯉魚湯  
                                                                      
  5.通草豬蹄湯                                                        
                                                                      
  ※ 另外，局部乳房按摩也可增進乳房氣血循環，防止乳房疾病的發生：     
                                                                      
  1. 膺窗穴：與乳頭在同一線上，在乳頭上一肋間。                       
  2. 乳根穴：與乳頭在同一線上，在乳頭下一肋間。                       
  3. 膻中穴：兩乳頭中點。                                             
                                                                      
  【乳癰】                                                            
  1.乳癰，即西醫常提到的急性乳腺炎，因乳頭裂傷或乳汁瀦留後，由細菌    
    侵入繼發感染而引起的急性化膿性炎症。大部份病人都發生於產後哺乳    
    期。                                                              
  2.患者臨床表現為乳頭紅腫熱病或腫脹熱痛，腫脹或有或無，排乳不暢。    
  3.膿腫形成時，痛重，壓痛明顯，可有波動感。                          
  4.膿腫多單房，也有多房的傳囊乳癰，少數病例可形成乳房後膿腫。        
  5.中醫依發病時間及病因不同把乳癰分為：                              
    (1)外吹乳癰，即在哺乳期因乳汁蓄積而發病。                         
    (2)內吹乳癰，因胎氣旺而上沖所致。                                 
    (3)非哺乳期乳癰，即肝經鬱滯與陽明之熱互結，使乳絡阻塞壅積而成。   
                                                                      
  ☆ 病因                                                             
  中醫認為本病由肝氣鬱結，胃熱壅滯而成。                              
  1.肝氣鬱結：因乳頭、乳暈屬足厥陰肝經，乳房屬足陽明胃經。            
  2.胃熱癰滯：產後飲食不節，脾胃運化失調，食滯位腑，釀熱壅滯。        
                                                                      
  ☆ 保健                                                             
  1.保持乳頭清潔   2.及早治療   3.忌海腥河鮮之物   4.忌助火之物       
                                                                      
  5.忌高脂肪類食物   6.忌燒、烤、煎、炸之物   7.藥物禁忌              
                                                                      
  ☆ 食療                                                             
  1.橙汁沖米酒   2.馬蘭頭    3.橘核酒   4.黃耆枸杞燉乳鴿              
                                                                      
  【乳僻】                                                            
  1.「乳僻」它既非炎症，亦非腫瘤的小葉增生，以囊性病變為主要病理      
    改變的常見乳房疾病。30~45歲成年婦女中發病率最高。                 
  2.此症主要是以乳腺腫塊為特點。                                      
                                                                      
  ☆ 病因                                                             
  1.因鬱怒傷肝，肝失調達，肝鬱則氣滯，氣滯則血瘀肝氣橫逆。            
  2.思慮傷脾，則脾失健運，痰濕內生。                                  
                                                                      
    由此可知，肝鬱是導致本病發生的主要原因。                          
                                                                      
  ☆ 保健                                                             
  1.保持情志舒暢                                                      
  2.養成順其自然的生活規律                                            
  3.正確服用避孕藥                                                    
  4.勿多次人工流產                                                    
                                                                      
  【乳癌】                                                            
  1.腺小葉增生病，多數患者經中醫治療痊癒或明顯好轉，對病情較重，      
    久治無效，範圍廣泛的患者，可行組織病理切片檢查，以排除癌變的      
    發生。                                                            
  2.乳腺囊性增生病，為癌前期病變，應積極治療，並定期至醫院複查，      
    一般複查時間間隔不宜超過三個月，因乳腺癌是常見的惡性腫瘤之一。    
                                                                      
  ☆ 病因                                                             
  1.與情志失調有關：因長期的焦慮抑鬱，失望悲傷，精神緊張，可致內      
    分泌紊亂，易引起癌症的發生。                                      
  2.與肝腎不足，衝任失調有關：因氣血運行不暢則氣血凝滯，結於乳中      
    而發病。因此乳腺癌患者多見絕經期前後，其發病率約佔全部患者的      
    75%。                                                             
                                                                      
  ☆ 臨床表現                                                         
  1.腫塊：為乳腺癌的主要症狀。                                        
  2.皮膚表現：                                                        
                                                                      
    (1)當癌瘤發展到侵犯乳房懸韌帶時，則皮膚受到牽拉而出現凹陷，稱     
       為『酒窩徵』。                                                 
                                                                      
    (2)而當癌瘤侵犯皮下淋巴管引起阻塞時，則皮膚呈現增厚水腫，毛孔     
       增大，形成『橘皮樣變』。                                       
                                                                      
    (3)當癌瘤繼續發展，侵出皮膚表面，出現很多結節，就是所謂『衛星     
       結節』。                                                       
                                                                      
  3.乳頭改變：癌瘤侵犯乳管，收縮牽拉，早期可出現乳頭變扁回縮。        
  4.乳頭溢液：乳腺癌有乳頭溢液者佔3~6%，或高達13%。其性質為血性或     
    漿液性。                                                          
  5.疼痛：多數不痛，少數會感疼痛。                                    
  6.淋巴結轉移：最常見的為腋窩淋巴結腫大，質硬，早期活動，晚期固定    
    。並出現鎖骨上、鎖骨下淋巴結轉移腫大。                            
  7.全身症狀：早期一般無全身症狀；中期有輕度全身症狀；晚期有轉移肺    
    、肝、骨髓等部位，而出現相應區的臨床症狀，最後因氣血衰竭而死亡。  
  8.本病病史和臨床表現，結合活體組織病理切片檢查即可明確診斷。        
                                                                      
  ☆ 保健                                                             
  1.情志舒暢有利於房癌                                                
  2.飲食有節，起居正常                                                
  3.普及防癌知識                                                      
  4.妥善處理癌前病變                                                  
  5.做好心理建設