第八章重點整理          保健補養                         
        【抗衰老】                                                       
        1.中醫對老年抗老增壽的探討,已很久了,並累積了豐富的經驗。       
        2.補藥、補方主要是經過補養,直接或間接的增強老人體質,激發       
          老人身體和經精神的活力,調節體內環境的平衡狀態,延緩生命       
          的衰退過程,而達到抗衰老的目的。                               
        3.中年時期,是人體生理機能開始下降,元氣逐漸減弱女子,精血       
          逐漸虧虛,臟腑功能也隨之而減退,如果此時期能調養得法,勤       
          於慎節,脾腎強健,可預防和延緩疾病的發生。                     
                                                                         
        《延壽》                                                         
        1.健康長壽是自古以來人們所追求的。是經服用補品而達到此一目       
          的。                                                           
        2.腎虛是引起老年衰退寒發病的主要原因。                           
        3.選擇補品臟腑,特別是補養脾腎兩臟,自然在壯年延緩衰老,而       
          達到延年益壽的目的。                                           
        4.補脾或補腎,須辨別不同證候而分別施補。                         
        5.引起衰老的主要症狀:                                           
          (1)腎精虧虛                                                    
          (2)腎氣虛弱                                                    
          (3)脾氣虛弱                                                    
          (4)脾陽虛弱                                                    
                                                                         
        《明目》                                                         
        1.明目就是眼睛的保健養生。歷代養生家認為調節人體臟腑氣血,       
          可以使眼白瞳黑,晶瑩明亮有神。                                 
        2.一般在40歲左右就開始出現眼花而使視力減退;或用眼睛時間一       
          久則感到目睛乾澀,痠處不適,甚至於引起頭痛、煩躁等,這就       
          是眼睛衰老的現象。                                             
        3.引起眼睛衰老的主要症狀:                                       
          (1)肝腎陰虛                                                    
          (2)肝血虧虛                                                    
                                                                         
        《耳聰》                                                         
        1.耳聰就是耳朵的保健養生。人的衰老都是由耳目開始,所以隨著       
          年齡的增長,耳不聰的現象常會發生。                             
        2.其主要的表現是自覺耳內鳴響,妨礙聽覺。                         
        3.引起聽力衰退的主要症狀:                                       
          (1)腎精虧虛                                                    
          (2)脾氣虛弱                                                    
                                                                         
        《固齒》                                                         
        1.牙齒是磨穀食的器官,經過牙齒咀嚼和口腔分泌適量的唾液,幫助     
          食物的消化和吸收。                                             
        2.人的語言、顏面美觀與牙齒有著密切的關係。                       
        3.引起牙齒鬆動脫落的主要症狀:                                   
          (1)腎陰虧虛                                                    
          (2)氣血不足                                                    
                                                                         
        《增精力》                                                       
        1.年紀越大,人們常自覺精力不足,不耐勞累,容易腰痠腿軟、疲倦、   
          身體沉重、手足無力、行履不正等,這是老化的現象。               
        2.注意休息起居,加強運動,配合精神調養,以達增精力而延緩衰老的   
          目的。                                                         
        3.造成精力衰退的主要症狀:                                       
          (1)脾胃虛弱                                                    
          (2)肝腎陰虛                                                    
                                                                         
        【益智】                                                         
        人體各個時期的智力減退各有其特點,因而每個時期的補養益智也有所   
        偏重。                                                           
                                                                         
        茲就各時期智力衰退簡述如下:                                     
                                                                         
        嬰幼兒益智                                                       
        1.嬰幼兒益智:教育家孔子將智力分為上智、中智、下愚三種。         
        2.中醫認為嬰幼兒智力與先天稟賦有關係。父母身體素質好壞、智力、   
          性格等方面的特徵,都將對下一代智力的發展產生重要的影響。       
                                                                         
        青少年益智                                                       
        1.青少年時期隨著腎中精氣的充盛,腦髓逐漸充實,大腦機能漸趨於健   
          全,此時期思維活躍,創造性強。                                 
        2.但青少年在學習期間,尤其是考試期間,沒有調適勞液均衡,常使思   
          想情緒處於抑鬱、焦慮、緊張的狀態,因而常會耗損正氣,損害心神   
          ,造成智力減退。                                               
        3.造成智力減退的主要症狀:                                       
          (1)心脾氣血兩虛                                                
          (2)心腎不交                                                    
                                                                         
        中老年益智                                                       
        1.人到了中老年,生理機能逐漸出現不同程度的退行性變化,也會伴隨   
          著智力的衰退。                                                 
        2.中老年智力衰退多與情去失調,勞傷神氣及年老攝護不當有關。       
        3.主要症狀:                                                     
        (1)肝腎陰虛                                                      
        (2)脾腎陽虛                                                      
                                                                         
        【美容】                                                         
        1.中醫美容包括治療美容和保健美容兩種。                           
        2.維護人體的健康美麗,是其主要的目的,而其重點是外在的美。       
        3.人體的外在表現是體內『臟』的『象』,所以中醫美容是以調理全身   
          為根本方法。                                                   
                                                                         
        皮膚美容                                                         
        1.皮膚美容是是對全身皮膚的清潔和滋潤,使皮膚光潔、紅潤而富有彈   
          性。                                                           
        2.缺乏維他命C,皮膚血管的脆性增加。                              
        3.體內缺乏蛋白質和脂肪酸,皮膚會變得粗糙、灰暗無光。             
        4.缺乏維他命A,皮膚就會乾燥,起鱗屑、長疹刺。                    
        5.中醫認為造成皮膚老化的原因是氣血不足或肺陰虧虛。               
        6.症狀:                                                         
          (1)氣血兩虛                                                    
          (2)肺陰虧虛                                                    
          (3)保健潤肌瑜伽功                                              
        7.注意事項:                                                     
          a.注意營養,適時補充蛋白質。                                   
          b.欲使皮膚潤澤光滑,宜多食植物油,多吃水果、蔬菜。             
          c.具有潠膚作用食物:芝麻、葵花子、紅棗、黃豆、花生、桂圓肉等   
            宜常食用。                                                   
          d.加強對皮膚的保養。夏天防曬,冬天房風寒。                     
                                                                         
        面部美容                                                         
        1.面部美容,古人稱為「駐顏」,其實也就是顏面的保養,使面色紅潤   
          ,潔白細膩,沒有明顯的皺紋、雀斑,使人洋溢健美的活力和魅力,   
          實質上是屬於抗衰防老。                                         
        2.飲食失調,肌膚失於營養,及面部的不良動作和姿勢,也可加速面部   
          皮膚的老化速度。                                               
        3.症狀:                                                         
          (1)心血虧虛                                                    
          (2)肺腎陰虛                                                    
          (3)面部美容按摩手法(詳看課本的圖解說明)                        
                                                                         
        頭髮美容                                                         
        1.頭髮美容又稱頭髮保健,或美髮。所謂美髮是法黑有光澤,法粗而密   
          集,髮長而美。                                                 
        2.頭髮是人體的一部份,可以反映出身體的健康狀況。                 
        3.症狀:                                                         
          (1)肝血不足                                                    
          (2) 肝腎陰虛                                                   
          (3)按摩法:每日早晚各做一次,可預防白髮、頭髮乾燥、枯黃等。    
                                                                         
        順序如下:                                                       
        a.用指梳頭髮。                                                   
        b.按壓頭皮。                                                     
        c.提拉頭髮。                                                     
        d.乾洗頭髮。                                                     
        e.拍打頭髮。                                                     
                                                                         
        4. 注意事項:                                                    
           (1)經常清潔頭髮,但不可用鹼性過強的洗髮精,洗髮後使用適合的   
              護髮劑。                                                   
           (2)不可過勤的燙髮,一年最多2次,當髮質狀況比較差時,不能燙髮  
              、染髮。                                                   
           (3)洗髮後儘量不用熱風吹頭髮,儘量用低溫且時間短。             
           (4)每二個月修剪一次開叉的髮梢。                               
           (5)每天用梳子將頭髮梳理整齊,一方面促進血液循環,一方面幫助   
              油脂均勻分佈於整根的頭髮。                                 
           (6)不用塑膠材料的梳子,用木製或骨製梳子。                     
           (7)冬天注意頭部的防寒保暖,夏日防曬,預防紫外線對頭髮的傷害。 
           (8)保持充足的睡眠及適宜的運動。                               
           (9)經常食含豐富蛋白質和維生素A、B的食物;動物肝臟、蛋黃,魚類 
              ;含碘豐富的食物;少食糖,可以蜂蜜或紅糖少量代替;動物類油 
              脂食物。                                                   
          (10)凡是深色(紅、綠、黃、紫)的食物都含有自然界的植物體與光合作 
              用而形成的色素,可補充人的色素,它對頭髮的色澤有保健的益處。
          (11)保持心情舒暢,不要過度的緊張或勞累,而須經常進行頭髮的按摩。
                                                                         
        減肥美容                                                         
        1.所謂減肥美容是經過降低人體的脂肪,以減輕體重,使人保持苗條的體 
          型和矯健的身材稱之。                                           
        2.肥胖是指人體內脂肪組織過多。                                   
        3.現代醫學對於肥胖分為單純性肥胖與繼發性肥胖。                   
        4.單純性肥胖又分為體質性肥胖與獲得性肥胖。                       
                                                                         
        更年期綜合症之保健補養                                           
        更年期綜合症,除月經異常如月經頻至、月經稀少、月經先後不定期或崩 
        漏等之外,還有其他的全身症狀,如頭暈、頭痛、心悸、心煩易怒、五心 
        煩熱、潮熱噪汗、失眠多夢、腰痠腿軟、浮腫便溏、倦怠乏力等。       
                                                                         
        5.注意事項                                                       
        1.婦女於更年期時,須保持精神飽滿,情緒要樂觀,尤其不要煩悶,這對 
          防治疾病是非常重要的。                                         
        2.養成每天洗腳的良好習慣,可使血脈通暢,消除疲勞,有利於安眠。   
        3.注意飲食,攝取足夠的維他命B,並減少食鹽攝入量。                
        4.多吃低脂、低膽固醇飲食為宜,並多吃新鮮蔬菜和水果。             
        5.忌吃刺激性食品。                                               
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