第六章重點整理                                  
                                                                        
        【傷科範疇】                                                    
        1.傷科的主要包含了正骨與傷筋兩大部份,論述的重點在於因跌        
          打或運動等外力所致的筋骨、皮肉、氣血、臟腑、經絡的損傷        
          或疾患。                                                      
                                                                        
        2.臨床上主要應用於各種骨折、扭傷、挫傷、關節及肌肉疼痛,        
          或各種運動傷害等。                                            
                                                                        
        3.傷科學是建立在中醫的基礎理論上,而以獨特的手法及外敷藥,      
          及配合傳統的內治法的方式來達到卻病延年的功效。                
                                                                        
        《傷科手段之原理》                                              
                                                                        
        理筋手法是運用雙手,在自己或他人之身上進行接觸與施力的方法      
        ,幾乎可以不用任何儀器或藥物,就可以進行保健或治療的功效,      
        方便又不須任何費用,可說是最合乎經濟的保健之道。                
                                                                        
        〈理筋手法之作用〉                                              
                                                                        
        1.理筋手法主要藉由術者的雙手,在自己或他人的皮膚上,以持續      
          的作用力施加其上,讓受力的部位產生相當的反應,而達到消弭      
          疼痛或促進健康的目的。                                        
                                                                        
        2.總括來說,按摩手法的功能與作用大致可歸納為下列四點:          
                                                                        
        (1)促進局部循環:                                               
                                                                        
           以手法按摩、推拿可以促進血管擴張,增加血液流速,幫助靜脈     
           回留,進而改善局部血液及淋巴循環。                           
                                                                        
        (2)預防或解除粘連:                                             
                                                                        
           關節因疼痛或受外固定之故,使得活動減少,因而產生粘連,致     
           使活動範圍受限。而藉由推拿、按摩的手法,在疾病發作的早期     
           ,可以被動式活動的方式幫助關節活動,預防關節形成粘連。       
                                                                        
        (3)調節神經功能:                                               
           興奮或抑制神經的功能。藉由特殊部位的刺激,讓過度激惹神經     
           得以安定;而功能低下的神經亦得以興奮,是手法治療的另一項     
           功效。                                                       
                                                                        
        (4)就中醫的觀點來看:                                           
           人有十二經脈及奇經八脈可以運行氣血,負責聯繫、營養臟腑及     
           四肢百骸,手法的運用得宜,能促進氣血運行,而達到卻病延年     
           的功效。                                                     
                                                                        
        〈理筋手法的適應症〉                                            
                                                                        
        1.急慢性的關節疼痛、肌肉酸痛或勞損。如關節炎、關節疼痛、關節    
          扭挫傷、長期工作後所致的關節酸痛、肌肉疲勞等。                
                                                                        
        2.外傷後遺症的關節僵硬或肌肉萎縮。如骨折經石膏固定後所致的關    
          節僵硬、肌肉萎縮;中風後遺症的肢體關節功能障礙等。            
                                                                        
        3.各種功能性的疾患。如胸悶、腹痛、腹瀉、頭暈、頭痛等。          
                                                                        
        〈理筋手法的禁忌〉                                              
                                                                        
        不適合做理筋手法的情況如下:                                    
                                                                        
        1.施術的部位有皮膚灶,如表皮破損、感染或特殊的皮膚病、傳染病等。
                                                                        
        2.出血傾向的患者須特別小心,如血友病患者或血小板過低等凝血問題  
          的患者、血液惡病質,或老田人皮膚張力較差,易破皮或瘀血者,以  
          手法按摩時必須非常小心。                                      
                                                                        
        3.急性傷害時,局部紅、腫、熱、痛非常嚴重者,以及急性傷害不能確  
          定診斷有無骨折的情況下,不適合作任何手法。                    
                                                                        
        4.任何診斷不明確的急性脊椎傷害。                                
                                                                        
        5.孕婦的保健需要特別的照顧,不宜貿然做手法。                    
                                                                        
        6.疑似腫瘤或癌變的患者宜小心。                                  
                                                                        
        7.精神病患或不合作的患者。                                      
                                                                        
        〈注意事項〉                                                    
                                                                        
        學習傷科手法需注意事項如下:                                    
                                                                        
        1.要進行按摩推拿的手必須修剪指甲,並打磨平滑,以免造成不適感或  
          刮傷所要進行施術的皮膚。                                      
                                                                        
        2.推拿的手必須經過適度的鍛鍊,術前最好先預作熱身運動,以免施術  
          之手受傷。                                                    
                                                                        
        3.可以先從簡單的指力鍛鍊開始做起,如每天練習以雙手肘伸直,十指  
          用力抓空約一百下。                                            
                                                                        
        4.必要時可以用輔助工具,如油膏、凡士林等潤滑劑,塗在表皮以利推  
          拿。                                                          
                                                                        
        5.勿用過度刺激的藥物,以避免皮膚產生過度刺激反應。              
                                                                        
        6.指力較弱的婦女,也可以利用陶瓷湯匙的圓滑面或相關的輔助工具代  
          替手指,進行推拿。                                            
                                                                        
        《傷筋的保健原則》                                              
                                                                        
        急性期之處理:                                                  
                                                                        
        1.急性期的處理,應遵照RICE的原則。                              
        2.RICE:即R:Rest (休息)、Ice packing (冰敷)、Compression (壓迫)
          及Elevation (患肢抬高等四大原則。                             
                                                                        
        緩解期的保健:                                                  
                                                                        
        在急性腫脹基本消除之後,而疼痛仍未完全解除時,可以做些簡單的運動
        活動筋骨,避免受傷的組織因為制動而產生粘連。                    
                                                                        
        恢復期的保養:                                                  
                                                                        
        此階段疼痛大致均已消除,但是肌力尚未完全恢復。因此仍不適合做過於
        激烈的運動,除適當補充營養外,需注意適度的逐漸增加運動量,以不覺
        得疼痛為原則,並時時注意護具的使用及注意運動前的暖身運動,平時也
        應注意保暖的功夫,運動過後立即擦拭掉身上的汗漬,並即刻披上衣物以
        免受涼。                                                        
                                                                        
        【骨折的保健】                                                  
        《急性期的保健》                                                
                                                                        
        1.注意充分的休息,患處保持固定的狀態,不能任意活動或移動。      
                                                                        
        2.第一次整復及夾板固定之後,可能會覺得不適應或緊迫的不適感,都是
          正常的反應。若不適感非常的強烈並持續不斷,即須與醫師聯絡處理。
                                                                        
        3.夾板的固定是要確保骨折斷端不再移位,且能刺激骨痂生長,幫助斷骨
          癒合,因此千萬不可自行拆除夾板。                              
                                                                        
        《恢復期的保健》                                                
                                                                        
        在急性的疼痛大致減輕之後,可以讓夾板固定以外的關節做適度的活動。
                                                                        
        《注意分期飲食》                                                
                                                                        
        可依骨折初期、中期、後期按狀況、分階段調理飲食,以加速痊癒。    
                                                                        
        1.骨折初期:因新傷初起腫痛,容易口乾口苦、食慾不直振、大便秘結,
          宜吃些精緻容易消化的食物。                                    
                                                                        
        2.骨折中期:為骨折癒合階段,應多補充蛋白質、鈣質和維他命D等營養。
          另外適度的陽光照射,更有助於體內維他命D的活化。               
                                                                        
        3.骨折後期至恢復:正常三餐飲食,並結合肢體鍛鍊,應攝取充分的各種
          食物及水果,加強體力的鍛鍊。復健階段除飲食注意外,可自行做適度
          的按摩及熱敷,以幫助關節功能的恢復。                          

arrow
arrow
    文章標籤
    中醫保健 傷科
    全站熱搜
    創作者介紹
    創作者 千江水月部落格 的頭像
    千江水月部落格

    千江水月的部落格

    千江水月部落格 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣()